PlantSME Plant secondary metabolism enzyme database
Phenylpropanoid portable pathway

Phenylpropanoid portable pathway

Category：Phenylpropanoid pathway

Phenylpropanoid pathway definition imported from the 2026-05-17 portable BLAST/HMM package.

Representative Phenylpropanoid Reaction Route
Entry backbone to monolignol/lignin branches. Substrates, products, and condensed structural formulae show representative conversions; resolved reactions are shown as single enzymes, whereas multi-enzyme branches are shown as curated modules. Member counts come from public annotations.
6 curated steps/modules
Entry Backbone And Lignin Direction
01
Substrate
L-Phenylalanine
C9H11NO2
C6H5-CH2-CH(NH2)-COOH
Deamination to form the phenylpropene acid scaffold
PAL7015
Product
trans-Cinnamic acid
C9H8O2
C6H5-CH=CH-COOH
PAL commits the amino-acid substrate to phenylpropanoid metabolism.
02
Substrate
trans-Cinnamic acid
C9H8O2
C6H5-CH=CH-COOH
Para-hydroxylation of the aromatic ring
C4H432
Product
p-Coumaric acid
C9H8O3
4-HO-C6H4-CH=CH-COOH
C4H/CYP73A introduces the 4-hydroxyl group for downstream CoA activation.
03
Substrate
p-Coumaric acid
C9H8O3
4-HO-C6H4-CH=CH-COOH
Substrate
CoA
C21H36N7O16P3S
CoA-SH
CoA ligation and activation
4CL25910
Product
p-Coumaroyl-CoA
C30H38N7O18P3S
4-HO-C6H4-CH=CH-C(=O)-SCoA
4CL converts the free acid into a thioester used by condensation, acyltransfer, and reduction reactions.
04
Substrate
p-Coumaroyl-CoA
C30H38N7O18P3S
4-HO-C6H4-CH=CH-C(=O)-SCoA
Hydroxylation, acyl transfer, and methylation
HCT14877 C3'H/CYP98A10198 CSE29610 CCoAOMT6839
Product
Feruloyl-CoA-type intermediates
C31H40N7O19P3S
3-MeO-4-HO-C6H3-CH=CH-C(=O)-SCoA
This segment remodels the p-coumaroyl scaffold into caffeoyl/feruloyl-type intermediates.
05
Substrate
Hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA
C30-31 CoA thioesters
Ar-CH=CH-C(=O)-SCoA
Reduction and S/G monolignol formation
CCR4440 CAD17134 F5H/CYP84A306 COMT22394
Product
Coniferyl/sinapyl alcohol
C10H12O3 / C11H14O4
Ar-CH=CH-CH2OH
CCR/CAD and related steps route CoA thioesters toward monolignol monomers.
06
Substrate
Monolignols
C9-C11 phenylpropanoids
Ar-CH=CH-CH2OH
Oxidative coupling and polymerization
LAC28156 POD122923
Product
Lignin polymer
(C9 unit)n
[Ar-C3]n ether/C-C polymer
LAC/POD oxidatively couple monolignols into lignin polymers.
Lineage Distribution
Assignments under this module are distributed across the following plant lineages.
All Lineages Algae (1002) Bryophytes (23287) Lycophytes/Ferns (1043) Gymnosperms (3685) Basal angiosperms (4979) Monocots (58985) Eudicots (197021)
Algae
Hits1002
Bryophytes
Hits23287
Lycophytes/Ferns
Hits1043
Gymnosperms
Hits3685
Basal angiosperms
Hits4979
Monocots
Hits58985
Eudicots
Hits197021
Species Distribution
Triticum turgidum
Hordeum vulgare
Aegilops tauschii
Triticum aestivum
Prunus domestica
Diospyros kaki
Rhynchospora pubera
Papaver setigerum
Avena sativa
Fragaria ananassa
Lineage Summary
Algae
1002
Bryophytes
23287
Lycophytes/Ferns
1043
Gymnosperms
3685
Basal angiosperms
4979
Monocots
58985
Eudicots
197021
Module Gene List
GeneSpeciesProtein ID
acorus_gramineus_AGRA_13890 acorus_gramineus acorus_gramineus_AGRA_13890
acorus_gramineus_AGRA_13911 acorus_gramineus acorus_gramineus_AGRA_13911
acorus_gramineus_AGRA_14080 acorus_gramineus acorus_gramineus_AGRA_14080
acorus_gramineus_AGRA_14462 acorus_gramineus acorus_gramineus_AGRA_14462
acorus_gramineus_AGRA_14711 acorus_gramineus acorus_gramineus_AGRA_14711
acorus_gramineus_AGRA_14712 acorus_gramineus acorus_gramineus_AGRA_14712
acorus_gramineus_AGRA_14718 acorus_gramineus acorus_gramineus_AGRA_14718
acorus_gramineus_AGRA_14725 acorus_gramineus acorus_gramineus_AGRA_14725
acorus_gramineus_AGRA_14737 acorus_gramineus acorus_gramineus_AGRA_14737
acorus_gramineus_AGRA_14740 acorus_gramineus acorus_gramineus_AGRA_14740
acorus_gramineus_AGRA_14773 acorus_gramineus acorus_gramineus_AGRA_14773
acorus_gramineus_AGRA_14774 acorus_gramineus acorus_gramineus_AGRA_14774
acorus_gramineus_AGRA_14775 acorus_gramineus acorus_gramineus_AGRA_14775
acorus_gramineus_AGRA_14821 acorus_gramineus acorus_gramineus_AGRA_14821
acorus_gramineus_AGRA_14950 acorus_gramineus acorus_gramineus_AGRA_14950
acorus_gramineus_AGRA_14964 acorus_gramineus acorus_gramineus_AGRA_14964
acorus_gramineus_AGRA_15008 acorus_gramineus acorus_gramineus_AGRA_15008
acorus_gramineus_AGRA_15009 acorus_gramineus acorus_gramineus_AGRA_15009
acorus_gramineus_AGRA_15073 acorus_gramineus acorus_gramineus_AGRA_15073
acorus_gramineus_AGRA_15093 acorus_gramineus acorus_gramineus_AGRA_15093
acorus_gramineus_AGRA_15129 acorus_gramineus acorus_gramineus_AGRA_15129
acorus_gramineus_AGRA_15240 acorus_gramineus acorus_gramineus_AGRA_15240
acorus_gramineus_AGRA_15287 acorus_gramineus acorus_gramineus_AGRA_15287
acorus_gramineus_AGRA_15302 acorus_gramineus acorus_gramineus_AGRA_15302
acorus_gramineus_AGRA_15333 acorus_gramineus acorus_gramineus_AGRA_15333
acorus_gramineus_AGRA_15417 acorus_gramineus acorus_gramineus_AGRA_15417
acorus_gramineus_AGRA_15457 acorus_gramineus acorus_gramineus_AGRA_15457
acorus_gramineus_AGRA_15618 acorus_gramineus acorus_gramineus_AGRA_15618
acorus_gramineus_AGRA_15646 acorus_gramineus acorus_gramineus_AGRA_15646
acorus_gramineus_AGRA_15647 acorus_gramineus acorus_gramineus_AGRA_15647